SCIENTISTS have paid tribute to biochemist Fred Sanger, described as "the father of the genomic era" and the only Briton ever to win two Nobel Prizes, after his death at the age of 95.
Dr Sanger, who spent his whole scientific career at Cambridge University, was twice awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, first in 1958 for his work on the structure of proteins, and in 1980, when he shared half of the chemistry prize for his contribution to research on DNA sequencing.
His pioneering techniques to sequence the components of DNA paved the way to the genetic revolution that has transformed biology and medicine.
His name was adopted by the world famous Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, where Human Genome Project scientists conducted much of the research leading to the first complete blueprint of the human genetic code.
Dr Jeremy Farrar, director of the Wellcome Trust, says he was deeply saddened to learn of the death of Dr Sanger, describing him as one of the greatest scientists of any generation.
"Fred can fairly be called the father of the genomic era: his work laid the foundations of humanity's ability to read and understand the genetic code, which has revolutionised biology and is today contributing to transformative improvements in healthcare, Farrar said.
"We are honoured that the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, which has done so much to develop our understanding of the genome and apply it to medicine, bears his name, and that the Wellcome Library holds his papers for posterity."
Professor Colin Blakemore, former chief executive of the Medical Research Council, called Dr Sanger "a real hero of 20th century British science".
"The death of a great person usually provokes hyperbole, but it is impossible to exaggerate the impact of Fred Sanger's work on modern biomedical science," Prof Blakemore said.
"His invention of the two critical technical advances - for sequencing proteins and nucleic acids - opened up the fields of molecular biology, genetics and genomics."
Prof Blakemore added that Dr Sanger was a "disarmingly modest man" who once said: "I was just a chap who messed about in his lab."
Born in 1918 in Gloucestershire, Dr Sanger initially planned to follow his father into medicine, but instead pursued a career in biochemistry.
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